Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Coronary artery disease occurs when the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked by plaque buildup.
- Symptoms: Chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue, heart attack
- Treatment: Lifestyle changes, medications, angioplasty, or bypass surgery.
Arrhythmias/Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib)
Arrhythmias are irregular heartbeats, with A-Fib being the most common type, causing the heart to beat too fast or irregularly.
- Symptoms: Palpitations, dizziness, chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue
- Treatment: Medications, catheter ablation, or electrical cardioversion.
Uncontrolled Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
High blood pressure occurs when the force of blood against artery walls is too high, putting strain on the heart.
- Symptoms: Often no symptoms (silent condition), headaches, nosebleeds, vision problems, chest pain
- Treatment: Lifestyle changes and antihypertensive medications.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
CHF occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other tissues.
- Symptoms: Swelling (edema), shortness of breath, fatigue, rapid weight gain
- Treatment: Medications, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, heart transplant.
Lipid Management (High Cholesterol)
Lipid management involves controlling high cholesterol levels to prevent plaque buildup in arteries.
- Symptoms: Often no symptoms until complications occur, such as chest pain (angina)
- Treatment: Statins or other cholesterol-lowering medications, dietary changes, and exercise.
Heart Valve Disease
Heart valve disease occurs when one or more valves in the heart do not function properly, causing disrupted blood flow.
- Symptoms: Shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, swollen ankles, irregular heartbeat
- Treatment: Medications or valve repair/replacement surgery.
Stroke Prevention
Stroke prevention focuses on reducing risk factors like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and A-Fib, which can lead to strokes.
- Symptoms: Stroke symptoms include sudden numbness, confusion, trouble speaking, and vision loss
Treatment: Managing risk factors with medications, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgical intervention.
